Black Southenrner :: essays research papers

dour SouthernersOver the years more or less of us pass water read a great deal almost the governance of thraldom and its effects on this country and the African American race as a whole. The fact of the matter is most of us have only learned certain information about slavery. There are only certain facts and historical figures that we lean about. No to say that the information we relieve oneself is wrong, but we were not taught the whole story. This could be due to the approach of different instructors or because school curriculums are supposed to focus on the interesting facts and stories about slavery. The fact of the matter is there are some areas that go untouched when learning about slavery in most schools. Reading the book Black Southerners was something different for me. It was like some one opened a door and when I entered in I found hidden facts and knowledge about an existence that has a tremendous effect on my country and this history of race.John B. Boles is the author of Black Southerners, and before he even discusses slavery itself he acknowledges that most people have preconceived notions about not just about slavery but about history as a whole. Boles saysPart of the mythology every(prenominal) schoolchild in the United States learnsis that the colony of Virginia achieved quick prosperity upon the basis of slaves and tobacco. Thus, the South is assumed to have existed as an initial settlement, with little change until the mishap of the Civil War in 1861. Boles discusses the beginnings of slavery in the seventeenth century and he clearly states the common misconceptions of readers and studentsSome present-day readers believe slavery began in Jamestown in 1619if such readers are aware of slaverys existence in the ancient world, the assume it had become extinct until New World plantations arose with their avaritia for cheap labor.Boles writes on how slavery was indeed something that started in the Ancient world, and also it was not some thing that was racial motivated instead as in the ancient system, slaves were usually captives of warwith religion, not race, being the crucial factor. He notions the fact that not all blacks were slaves.An important element that should not go unnoticed is how Boles describes how the institution of slavery changed dramatically over time. In its early years it was an institution that was not based on race, but more on war, religion, and legal status.

How Genes and the Environment Operate to Influence Child Development Es

How Genes and the Environment Operate to Influence Child DevelopmentThis essay will look firstly at the ideas that have prevailed throughout history, in apprisal to genes interacting with the environment, and the gentlemans gentleman developmental implications of this relationship. It will briefly outline the theory of Heritability, Evolution, Genetic Determination, Epigenesis, Developmental plasticity and a transactional model of development. Secondly the theories of Genetic determination, Epigenesis and Developmental Plasticity will be compared. Physical and psychological characteristics of child development will illuminate the differing viewpoints held by these traditions. Anatomical development, temperament and words will be utilize as illustrators.Since the sixteen hundreds scholars interested in the origins of human formation believed that humans had not changed since the creation of Adam. In essence what was needed to create a human was there at the point of conception, it just got bigger Hartsoeker, 1694 cited in Richardson, 1994 p51. That all humans go through an unfolding process during development, which is all part of a natural plan this was referred to as Preformationism. These innate processes or stages were referred to as maturation and this has developed from the philosophical position of Rationalism. This position remained until the eighteen hundreds when biological developments challenged this position.Gregory Mendal, 1865 showed that a plants angiotensin-converting enzyme characteristic such as colour could be inherited or altered though cross-hybridisation. That plants possessed individual traits genes that could be altered and passed on to descendents. It wasnt until DeVrise, Corrnens and Tschermak work in the twentieth centaury cited in Sturtevant, 1965 and Weinsten, 1977 showed that single gene inheritance etc was responsible for evolutionary characteristics in humans, an example of single gene effects can be shown in the case of PKU Phenylketonuria which left untreated (not stopping Children with the mutated gene eating phenylalanine in their diet) would cause decelerate intellectual development. Plomin, DeFries, and McClern, 1990, cited in Richards, 1994 p214. It appears that Mendels accomplishments on the laws of inheritance were surpassed by the attention that was being given to the questions concerning the mechanism of evo... ...tes, J. 1994 Infant Individuality, in Oates, J (ed.) The foundations of development, Oxford, Blackwell/ The Open University p191.Thelen, E. 1992 Self-organisation in developmental processes can asystems approach work? in Johnson, M. H. (ed.) Brain Development and Cognition, Oxford, Blackwell. Cited in Richardson, K. 1994 Evolution and Development, in Oates, J (ed.) The foundations of development, Oxford, Blackwell/ The Open University p.69.Toulmin, S. 1971 Brain language a commentary, Synthese, 22, pp. 369-95. Cited in Richardson, K. 1994 Interactions in Development, in Oates, J ( ed.) The foundations of development, Oxford, Blackwell/ The Open University pp.221.Torrez, T. W. 1971 Morphogenesis of the Vertebrates, New York, Wiley. Cited in Richardson, K. 1994 Evolution and Development, in Oates, J (ed.) The foundations of development, Oxford, Blackwell/ The Open University p.62.Weinstein, A.1977 How unacknowledged Was Mendels Paper? Journal of the History of Biology 10, 341-364. Weismann, A. 1885 1889. Continuity of the Germ Plasm. In Essays upon heredity and kindred biological problems, ed. E. Poulton et al. Oxford Clarendon Press.